Calcite- In Maine- Notes

Website: http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/calcite.htm

	What is it and where was it formed? Calcite is mostly found insedimentary rock. Calcite turns into the rock called limestone. Some limestone is made when sea creatures die and their skeletons and shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. They pile on top of each other, push on the lower layers, and the pressure makes limestone. All limestone starts in water. There are places in the middle of the United States where there used to be a sea. The water has been gone for millions of years. Even though it’s dry now, limestone can be found there. If you add pressure and high heat to limestone, it changes into marble, a metamorphic rock.
	How and where is it mined? Calcite is mined using quarrying orunderground mining. If the calcite is not far underground, then quarrying is used. If it is too far underground for quarrying to work, then underground mining is used. It is found in New Jersey [Franklin], Tennessee, Illinois, and other states of the U.S.; Mexico, Germany, India, England, and other parts of the world.
	What is it used for? Calcite/limestone is used for making glass, paper, photography, statues, building, and animal food. The Ancient Egyptian Sphinx [below] is made of limestone. http://answers.ask.com/Fashion_and_Beauty/Jewelry/how_is_calcite_mined Calcite is mined using quarrying or underground mining. Calcite is used for making glass, paper, buildings, and many other things. If the calcite is not too deep in the ground then they use quarrying to mine it!

Notes on WHO OWNS THE OCEAN!

Who owns the mineral deposits there?

(The 2 pages that you sent us as an atacment)

Rich mineral deposits lie on and just beneath the ocean floor. Coastal nations have the right to mine deposits near their shores. Today, they are mining minerals from the continental shelf. But mineral deposits on the ocean floor beyond are open for all nations.

Find out what EEZ's are in the 3rd section of the

article.

http://geography.howstuffworks.com/oceans-and-seas/international-water2.htm

EEZs are extensions of a state's rights to resources offshore. The boundaries of an EEZ go well beyond territorial waters, extending 200 miles (322 km) from shore. EEZs presented a discrepancy, however. This new EEZ restriction of 200 miles (322 km) narrowed other nations' boundaries. The U.N. compromised by allowing nations with wide continental shelves to extend their EEZ up to 350 miles (563 km) from shore, provided nations could prove the width of the shelf offshore.

What is an International Waterway?

http://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1RNPM_enUS388&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=What+is+an+International+Waterway%3F#hl=en&rlz=1C1RNPM_enUS388&q=International+waterway&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=FV2hTY2NEMXMtAbtzsDnAQ&ved=0CBQQkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=384aef4afa8e1652

The terms international waters or trans-boundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater.

Who owns the ocean?

Who owns the ocean?

1. America, Canada, Russia and Norway are all fighting against each other to get to the Arctic to get to all of the minerals that are under the ice. The government said "The area around that country is owned by that country, if it is not next to any country, then that part belongs to who ever gets there first and clams it first." I think that that is a very fair law for the government to put up.

2. Only wealthy industrial nations will be able to afford the cost of mining on land and off of land. These industrial countries think that if they spend the money on mining, that they should get all of the profit. But nations that are landlocked and developing nations that lack money and technology, disagree with their opinion. They think that they should have a fair share of the profit because they are in need of more natural resources than others and landlocked nations can’t get to the sea to get the resources that they need so they need to buy them from someone else. The reason that they are saying that they disagree with the wealthy countries is because the land locked countries are running out of resources. "By 2003, 157 nations signed the Law of the Sea treaty. This treaty said that ocean mineral deposits are the common property of all people. It also said that mining profits must be shared among all nations." By that time the nations that were landlocked and the nations that had a lack of money and technology were very happy that they were going to start getting there fair share of resources again. I think that I could probably reassure the developing nations that they will not be left out by giving them enough resources until they are wealthy enough to take care of themselves and get the resources on their own. They will also have enough money to start mining on land and off land.

3. Pacific ocean: I think that Japan, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and South America should all share the profit from the Pacific ocean. The pacific ocean is a very vast body of water that contains many minerals, oil, and natural resources that we use in our everyday life.

Atlantic ocean: I think that south Africa, some of north Africa, south America, and some of north America should all share the profit from the Pacific ocean. The reason i didn't put Russia, Norway and Canada in there is because they are all fighting for the Arctic ocean witch i will talk to you down below.

Arctic ocean: America, Canada, Russia and Norway are all fighting against each other to get to the Arctic to get to all of the minerals that are under the ice. Under the ice there is supposed be a large amount of oil and other natural recourses that we also use in everyday life. That is why all of the country's are fighting for the oceans were the most minerals, crystals, oil and natural recourses are. Thees are the most valuable oceans: The Atlantic, Arctic and the Pacific oceans.

Skills lab; Mapping Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Guiding Question;

Is there a pattern in the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes?

I think that their might be ones that are sort of close together but in some places they are rely far apart. (in latitude and longitude)

Analyze and Conclude

1.

• How are earthquakes distributed on the map?

I think that most of the earthquakes are close to the volcanoes, and also they mostly happened around the "Ring of fire".

• Are they scattered evenly or concentrated in zones?

Some of the volcanoes and earthquakes are scattered all over the place, some off the land in the middle of the ocean and some on the land. Some are not even close to the 'ring of fire'.

2.

• How are volcanoes distributed on the map?

The volcanoes are mostly distributed around the Pacific plate and some are even around Europe and Asia. They are destroying the vegetation.

• Are they scattered evenly or in concentrated zones?

They are mostly around the ring and scattered around on and off land were I wouldn't expect them to be.

3.

• From your data, what can you infer about the relationship between earthquakes and volcanoes?

Most of the earthqaukes and volcanoes are near or mostly on top of the Pacific plate or the North American Plate.

4.

• Suppose you added the locations of additional earthquakes and volcanoes to your map. Would the overall pattern of earthquakes and volcanoes change? Explain in writing why you think the pattern would or would not change.

I don't think that the pattern would change because earthquakes and volcanoes happen for the same reason, plates transform (they slide past each other), plates converge (they overlap) and they also diverge (pull away from each other). When they transform, the magma can slowly start oozing out, when they converge they could make a volcano, and when they diverge, they can make a massive magma flow along the ocean floor and massive earthquake!!!

Notes on 32-34 and 35-39

Defining Minerals

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

Minerals, Compounds, and Elements

Almost all minerals are compounds.

In a compound, two or more elements are combined so that the elements no longer have distinct properties.

Sulfur is bright yellow, Mercury is silvery liquid at room temperature. But cinnabar has solid, shiny, red crystal.

Different minerals have a different combination of elements. For an example, a crystal of quartz has no atom of silicon.

What is a mineral?

Solid

Naturally occurring

Inorganic

Fixed composition

Crystal form

Some examples:

Minerals:
Gold
Topaz
Quartz
Talc
*Ice burg*
Diamonds

Non-Minerals:
Wood: Once living
Fossils: Once living
Bone: Living material
Granite: Intrusive igneous rock
Pearls: Made by oysters
Coal: Sedimentary rock
Rock salt: Sedimentary rock

Questions that you should ask yourself?

• Is it non-living material?
• Is it a solid?
• Is it formed in nature?
• Does it have a crystalline structure?

The definition of a mineral:
A mineral is a naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.

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Assess your understanding;

1. All minerals are formed from inorganic processes.

2. Every mineral needs to be able to form from materials that are non living.

3. Amber is not a mineral because it is made by a living thing just like coal is.

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How are Minerals Identified?

Each mineral has characteristics properties that can be used to identify it.

Color: What the color of the mineral is.

Streak: The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder.

Luster: Luster is the term used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface.

Hardness

Topaz: It can scratch quartz but not corundum. Gypsum: A fingernail can easily scratch it. Apatite: A steel knife can scratch it. Diamond: Extremely hard, it can scratch all known common Minerals. Quartz: It can scratch feldspar but not topaz.

Crystal Structure:

The atoms that make up a mineral line up in a regular pattern. This pattern repeats over and over. The repeating pattern of a mineral’s atoms forms a mineral’s crystal structure.

Cleavage and Fracture

A mineral that splits easily along flat surface has the property called cleavage.

\

Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.

SPECIAL PROPERTIES:

Some minerals can be identified by special physical properties. Calcite bends light to produce double images. Other minerals conduct electricity, glow when placed under ultraviolet, or are magnetic.

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Assess your understanding;

1. Geologists identify the minerals by examining how the mineral brakes apart(cleavage and fracture) and by the color, streak, luster, density, crystal structure, and hardness.

2. Lodestone is magnetic, you could find out if a mineral is magnetic by putting metal in front of it to see if they attract to each other.

Reflection on Q's for Rocks and Minerals

How are rocks formed?

A rock formed from cooled melted rock (Lava, Magma) is called an igneous rock... An igneous rock is a rock formed when Lava/Magma is cooled.

What types of rocks are there?

The three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

What is the rock cycle?

The rock cycle is the continuous process that changes rock types over time. For example, metamorphic rock melt into magma, magma can cool into igneous rock, then, with heat and pressure, return to a metamorphic rock.

How can you identify a mineral?

Some things that you can ask yourself to see if it is a mineral: Solid, Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Fixed composition, Crystal form.

How are minerals created?

Minerals can be anything from salt to aluminum. Minerals are created by Compression, cooling, heat, and erosion.

Can rocks be minerals?

No, because rocks are made of minerals.

What is the most precious mineral?

The carbon inside of a diamond.

What is am mineral? Notes

What is a mineral?

Solid

Naturally occurring

Inorganic

Fixed composition

Crystal form

Minerals:
Gold
Topaz
Quartz
Talc
*Ice burg*
Diamonds

Non-Minerals:
Wood: Once living
Fossils: Once living
Bone: Living material
Granite: Intrusive igneous rock
Pearls: Made by oysters
Coal: Sedimentary rock
Rock salt: Sedimentary rock

Questions that you should ask yourself?

• Is it non-living material?
  
• Is it a solid?
• Is it formed in nature?
• Does it have a crystalline structure?
  

The definition of a mineral:
A mineral is a naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.