Skills lab; Mapping Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Guiding Question;

Is there a pattern in the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes?

I think that their might be ones that are sort of close together but in some places they are rely far apart. (in latitude and longitude)

Analyze and Conclude

1.

• How are earthquakes distributed on the map?

I think that most of the earthquakes are close to the volcanoes, and also they mostly happened around the "Ring of fire".

• Are they scattered evenly or concentrated in zones?

Some of the volcanoes and earthquakes are scattered all over the place, some off the land in the middle of the ocean and some on the land. Some are not even close to the 'ring of fire'.

2.

• How are volcanoes distributed on the map?

The volcanoes are mostly distributed around the Pacific plate and some are even around Europe and Asia. They are destroying the vegetation.

• Are they scattered evenly or in concentrated zones?

They are mostly around the ring and scattered around on and off land were I wouldn't expect them to be.

3.

• From your data, what can you infer about the relationship between earthquakes and volcanoes?

Most of the earthqaukes and volcanoes are near or mostly on top of the Pacific plate or the North American Plate.

4.

• Suppose you added the locations of additional earthquakes and volcanoes to your map. Would the overall pattern of earthquakes and volcanoes change? Explain in writing why you think the pattern would or would not change.

I don't think that the pattern would change because earthquakes and volcanoes happen for the same reason, plates transform (they slide past each other), plates converge (they overlap) and they also diverge (pull away from each other). When they transform, the magma can slowly start oozing out, when they converge they could make a volcano, and when they diverge, they can make a massive magma flow along the ocean floor and massive earthquake!!!

Notes on 32-34 and 35-39

Defining Minerals

A mineral is a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

Minerals, Compounds, and Elements

Almost all minerals are compounds.

In a compound, two or more elements are combined so that the elements no longer have distinct properties.

Sulfur is bright yellow, Mercury is silvery liquid at room temperature. But cinnabar has solid, shiny, red crystal.

Different minerals have a different combination of elements. For an example, a crystal of quartz has no atom of silicon.

What is a mineral?

Solid

Naturally occurring

Inorganic

Fixed composition

Crystal form

Some examples:

Minerals:
Gold
Topaz
Quartz
Talc
*Ice burg*
Diamonds

Non-Minerals:
Wood: Once living
Fossils: Once living
Bone: Living material
Granite: Intrusive igneous rock
Pearls: Made by oysters
Coal: Sedimentary rock
Rock salt: Sedimentary rock

Questions that you should ask yourself?

• Is it non-living material?
• Is it a solid?
• Is it formed in nature?
• Does it have a crystalline structure?

The definition of a mineral:
A mineral is a naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.

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Assess your understanding;

1. All minerals are formed from inorganic processes.

2. Every mineral needs to be able to form from materials that are non living.

3. Amber is not a mineral because it is made by a living thing just like coal is.

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How are Minerals Identified?

Each mineral has characteristics properties that can be used to identify it.

Color: What the color of the mineral is.

Streak: The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder.

Luster: Luster is the term used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface.

Hardness

Topaz: It can scratch quartz but not corundum. Gypsum: A fingernail can easily scratch it. Apatite: A steel knife can scratch it. Diamond: Extremely hard, it can scratch all known common Minerals. Quartz: It can scratch feldspar but not topaz.

Crystal Structure:

The atoms that make up a mineral line up in a regular pattern. This pattern repeats over and over. The repeating pattern of a mineral’s atoms forms a mineral’s crystal structure.

Cleavage and Fracture

A mineral that splits easily along flat surface has the property called cleavage.

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Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.

SPECIAL PROPERTIES:

Some minerals can be identified by special physical properties. Calcite bends light to produce double images. Other minerals conduct electricity, glow when placed under ultraviolet, or are magnetic.

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Assess your understanding;

1. Geologists identify the minerals by examining how the mineral brakes apart(cleavage and fracture) and by the color, streak, luster, density, crystal structure, and hardness.

2. Lodestone is magnetic, you could find out if a mineral is magnetic by putting metal in front of it to see if they attract to each other.

Reflection on Q's for Rocks and Minerals

How are rocks formed?

A rock formed from cooled melted rock (Lava, Magma) is called an igneous rock... An igneous rock is a rock formed when Lava/Magma is cooled.

What types of rocks are there?

The three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

What is the rock cycle?

The rock cycle is the continuous process that changes rock types over time. For example, metamorphic rock melt into magma, magma can cool into igneous rock, then, with heat and pressure, return to a metamorphic rock.

How can you identify a mineral?

Some things that you can ask yourself to see if it is a mineral: Solid, Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Fixed composition, Crystal form.

How are minerals created?

Minerals can be anything from salt to aluminum. Minerals are created by Compression, cooling, heat, and erosion.

Can rocks be minerals?

No, because rocks are made of minerals.

What is the most precious mineral?

The carbon inside of a diamond.

What is am mineral? Notes

What is a mineral?

Solid

Naturally occurring

Inorganic

Fixed composition

Crystal form

Minerals:
Gold
Topaz
Quartz
Talc
*Ice burg*
Diamonds

Non-Minerals:
Wood: Once living
Fossils: Once living
Bone: Living material
Granite: Intrusive igneous rock
Pearls: Made by oysters
Coal: Sedimentary rock
Rock salt: Sedimentary rock

Questions that you should ask yourself?

• Is it non-living material?
  
• Is it a solid?
• Is it formed in nature?
• Does it have a crystalline structure?
  

The definition of a mineral:
A mineral is a naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.